The people are the base of the system and souvereign.
They can influence the legislations through referendums and got fundamental rights and freedoms, but also duties.
Every four years, they got the possibility to elect their national parliament, the Königspalast.
Every five years, they may elect the state parliament of the state, they're living in.

GI-Land is a Federal Republic and so, it got three states.
These states are Klein GI-Land, Atlantis and Groß GI-Land. Each state got its own parliament and, for some subjects, its own laws.
An important role by setting these laws are playing the State Parliaments.
Getting elected by the people every five years, they vote for or against a bill of the State Government with a bare majority (50% of the votes + 1 vote).
The Parliaments can also propose a bill to their Government, if it passed the bare majority before.
Furthermore this organ is electing the State President, who is Head of Government in the state. The State President chooses his ministers by himself.

The State Governments consist of their elected State Presidents and the, by the State President, chosen State Ministers.
They determine the state budget and can propose bills to the State Parliament. Bills proposed by the State Parliament need the approvement of the State Government to get passed.
Anyone, who is member of a State Government, is, at the same time, member of the Counsil.

The Constitutional Court checks every legislation, if it is consistent with the constitution. If the court negates this consistency, a period of time of three months is set to change the law, otherwise it can't get passed. Furthermore it checks on the Leader and King (short: Leader).

The national parliament of GI-Land is the Königspalast. It's getting elected every four years by the people.
It checks on the Leader, elects the Chancellor and can propose bills to the Chancellor, Leader and Counsil, if a bare majority is reached. An exception depicts an amendment of the constitution. To propose such an amendment by Königspalast, it needs a 2/3-majority.
Every law, that should get passed, needs a bare majority in Königspalast (Amendments of the Consitution [AotC]: 2/3).

The Senate consists of the Counsil, the Chancellor and the Ministers.
It's only a collective term for these organs, but has no seat or own building.
The Head of the Senate is the Chancellor.

The Counsil consists of every State Government, so every State President and its Ministers are part of the Counsil.
With a bare majority, the organ can propose a bill to the Chancellor (AotC: 2/3).
Every law needs technically a bare majority in the Counsil, but the votes of it doesn't count as much as those of the Leader and of the Königspalast.
They got only the same power, when voting for AotC. An AotC always needs the approval of the Leader and the Chancellor and a 2/3-majority in Königspalast and in the Counsil.

The Chancellor is perhaps the second most important person in the state. As Head of the Senate, he gets elected by the Königspalast and suggests the Ministers for GI-Land.
He gets appointed and suspended by the Leader and can propose bills to the Counsil, the Leader and the Königspalast. 
His approval is necessary, if the constiution should be changed or for laws, that get proposed by the Counsil or the Ministers.

The Ministers get suggested by the Chancellor and appointed/suspended by the Leader.
It has particularely a role as a counsellor for the Leader, the Counsil and the Königspalast.
Plus the Ministers can suggest bills to the Chancellor.

The Leader and King is the most important politician in GI-Land. 
He appoints and suspends the Chancellor, the Ministers and the judges of the Constitutional Court, has the command of the Bundesarmee (Army) and determines GI-Land's budget.
Every law needs his authorisation. He can propose bills directly to the Counsil and the Königspalast by himself.
The Königspalast and Constitutional Court checks on him.

Another important information: The current family in power, is in power for a lifetime and can't get unelected!
A coup is prosecutable.

In this case, a new Leader gets elected directly by the people for five years (Basically we're getting an elective monarchy).
After four years in power, a referendum is hold, where the people get asked, whether they want to elect a new leader after the fifth year or not. If the answer is "No", the Leader gets five more years in power. In the ninth year, there is again this referendum etc., but the people may have a petition for a referendum as of the sixth year to hold elections for presidency.
That's the difference between the referendums on this subject after 4/9/14/19/etc. years and those referendums wanted by the people:
The first type needs no petition. The Leader has to hold these referendums whereas the other ones are not obligatory, so they need a base in the public.

The Leader can officially announce a national state of emergency for a maximum of six months. In this time, he can temporarily restrict the fundamental rights and freedoms of the people. Plus he doesn't need the approval of the Chancellor and the 2/3-majority of the Counsil for amendments of the constitution. Amendments of the consitution can get passed by a bare majority in the Königspalast. Nevertheless he still needs the approval of the Constitutional Court for all laws, that get passed in this time, but since the nation's in a state of emergency, the time for adjustments on the laws is shortened to a maximum of two weeks.
The state of emergency can get extended with a 2/3-majority of the Königspalast and the Counsil.
After the end of this state, the Chancellor and the Ministers get suspended, all parliaments (and so the Counsil too) get dissolved. New elections are taking place the latest two weeks after the end of the state of emergency.

If the Parliament works against the Leader, latter can announce the parliamental state of emergency caused through inaction.
The Counsil's vote is now worth more than the vote of Königspalast (normally other way round).
If the Counsil works against him too, the Leader can get the Königspalast dissolved and new elections are set up.

Basically there isn't anything, that could be done in this case, but the Leader always has the possibility to resign from his position and even resign all of his family from their claim of the throne. In this case, everything is done like explained in question 1. The former Leader can candidate for Presidency again of course.

In the case, that the Leader doesn't have a successor to the throne or a First Lady, the Leader's tasks get distributed on the other organs.
The Königspalast now appoints and suspends (latter through vote of no confidence) the Chancellor and the Ministers.
The Chancellor appoints the judges of the Constitutional Court, while a suspension through him is only possible with a bare majority of both, the Counsil and the Königspalast.
Amendments of the Constitution are illegal.
The command of the Bundesarmee lies now at the Chancellor and the Minister of Defense.

If the Leader got a successor to the throne or a First Lady, every task of the Leader gets transferred to them (Successor > First Lady).
Amendments of the Consitution are nevertheless illegal in this period of time.